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| TABLE: Summary of Field Investigations at J-Field | |||
| Field Investigation | Investigator | Date | Objective |
| Environmental Contamination Survey | U.S. Army Toxic and Hazardous Materials Agency (USATHAMA) | 1977&##150;1978 | Conducted to determine if contamination from past operations was migrating off-post. Eleven monitoring wells (TH1-11) were installed in the surficial aquifer — 10 near the Toxic Burning Pits and White Phosphorus Pits and 1 near the Robins Point Tower. Groundwater samples were collected and analyzed. |
| Munitions Disposal Study | Princeton Aqua Science | 1983 | Installed nine monitoring wells (P1-9) in the surficial aquifer — five near the Toxic Burning Pits and four near the White Phosphorus Pits. Composite soil samples were collected during drilling of wells. Soil samples were also collected from the pits in the Toxic Burning Pits and White Phosphorus Pits areas. |
| RCRA Facility Investigation | U.S. Army Environmental Hygiene Agency (USAEHA) | 1986 | Sampled groundwater from TH and P series wells. Soil samples were also collected in and around the pits in the Toxic Burning Pits, White Phosphorus Pits, and Riot Control Pit areas and near the Prototype Building. A field radiation survey was also performed. |
| Hydrological Assessment, Phase I |
U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) | 1987&##150;1992 | Drilled exploratory boreholes, collected soil and soil gas samples, and ran geophysical logs. Installed 12 well clusters (JF1-12), each consisting of 3 wells screened in the upper portions of the confined aquifer, the confining unit, and surficial aquifer. Wells were sampled on a monthly (1987) and quarterly (1989-1992) basis; water-level measurements were also taken. Conducted slug tests. Used MODFLOW model to simulate contaminant pathways in groundwater. A total of 21 surface water samples also collected from Gunpowder River and Chesapeake Bay. Soil/soil-gas samples collected in the Toxic Burning Pits and White Phosphorus Pits areas. |
| Characterization and Interim Remediation | Roy F. Weston, Inc. | 1992 | Conducted topographic survey of J-Field area; surveyed UXO in each burning pit and along shoreline of White Phosphorus Pits and Riot Control Pit; constructed access roads; placed riprap and gabion structures along the White Phosphorus Pits and Riot Control Pit shorelines; removed and staged surface material and debris from burning pit areas; sampled and staged drums from the Prototype Building; sampled and analyzed soil from the pits and pushout areas at the Toxic Burning Pits; installed flood control berms in the pit areas; and collected surface and subsurface soil samples. |
| Hydrological Assessment, Phase II | U.S. Geological Survey | 1992 | Continued sampling of groundwater, measuring water levels in all monitoring wells, and slug testing. Four new wells installed. Collected surface water samples from marsh areas and estuaries surrounding J-Field, based on thermal imagery studies conducted by the USGS. |
| Sediment Sampling Study | U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) | 1992 | Conducted a study to characterize the estuarine sediments around the Gunpowder Neck Peninsula. |
| Piezometer Installation and Sampling | U.S. Geological Survey | 1994 | Installed five clusters of two piezometers each (JFPM1-JFPM5) in the marsh adjacent to the Toxic Burning Pits area. |
| Toxic Pits Pilot Remediation Study | U.S. Environmental Protection Agency &##150; Emergency Response Team | 1994 | Conducted soil and soil gas sampling to determine the optimal placement of a pilot-scale soil vapor extraction (SVE) unit, scheduled for 1994. The SVE unit was never installed. |
| Deep Drilling | U.S. Geological Survey and U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (COE) | 1995 | Drilled a 961-ft-deep corehole at Robins Point. The corehole penetrated a portion of a Susquehanna River paleochannel and provided information to help understand hydrogeological characteristics of J-Field. |
| Remedial Investigation | Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) | 1991&##150;1996 | Conducted soil gas surveys, geophysical surveys, radioactivity surveys, and x-ray fluorescence field surveys in surface soils. Installed three new monitoring wells (JF173, JF183, and JF193). Sampled groundwater and analyzed for VOCs, metals, and CSM degradation products. Researched historical aerial photos for evidence of other potential areas of concern. Sampled surface and subsurface soil samples and analyzed for metals, VOCs, SVOCs, pesticides/PCBs, and other miscellaneous parameters. Developed a conceptual geological site model. Conducted several pump tests. Conducted a confined aquifer contaminant transport study. Data were used to identify contamination sources and to characterize the nature and extent of contamination present and to support the human health risk assessment. Data used as the basis for risk assessment and remedial action planning. |
| Ecological Risk Assessment | Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) | 1994&##150;1996 | Conducted qualitative and quantitative surveys of wetland and terrestrial vegetation, soil, benthic invertebrates, fish, and terrestrial wildlife; toxicity testing of soil, sediment, surface water and groundwater; surveys of soil processes, such as nitrogen mineralization and microbial enzyme activity; and residue analyses of biological tissue. These data, along with those collected during the RI, were used to characterize exposure and evaluate the risk to various ecological receptors at the site. |
| Aquatic Toxicity Evaluation | University of Maryland at College Park | 1994&##150;1997 | Conducted a series of aquatic bioassays for chronic toxicity testing on surface water and surficial sediments near the Toxic Burning Pits area. Also performed comprehensive chemical and munitions analyses (including general chemistry, metals, VOCs, base neutrals, acid compounds, pesticides/PCBs, herbicides, nitroaromatics, and nitramines) for these media. |
| Well Installation and Sampling | Roy F. Weston, Inc. | 1996 | Installed five monitoring wells (JFP1-JFP5) and four lysimeter pairs (JFL1- JFL4) in the Toxic Burning Pits area. Wells were sampled in 1997 and analyzed for VOCs. |
| Natural Attenuation Study | Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) | 1997&##150;1998 | Sampled existing wells in the Toxic Burning Pits area for natural attenuation parameters (including chloride, alkalinity, dissolved oxygen, carbon dioxide, iron, pH, conductivity, total organic carbon, ethane, ethene, methane, sulfate, sulfide, nitrate, nitrite, temperature, and oxidation-reduction potential). |
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